The liquid feed is pumped into the steam
heated tubes at an entering velocity of 2-6 m/s from the bottom. The liquid
is superheated as the static head is reduced during flow from the heater to
the vapour separator and it flashes into a mixture of vapour and liquid.
Liquid returns to the Pump inlet, where it is recirculated. Vapour leaves
from the top of the effects. This type of evaporator is ideal for
concentration of viscous liquids with high specific gravity or that tend to
form scaling.
Scrapped Surface / Thin Film Evaporators
are designed for evaporation of highly viscous and sticky products, which
cannot be otherwise evaporated. This type of evaporators have been specially
designed to provide high degree of agitation, effecting heat transfer as
well as scrapping the walls of the evaporator to prevent deposition and
subsequent charring of the product.

This
is type of evaporators are combinations of falling film, forced circulation
& thin film evaporators. The application depands upon the nature of
product its mitial and finalconeentration and crystallisation properties.